Genyochromis mento Breeding Guide

Breeding the Malawi scale-eater Genyochromis mento: a maternal mouthbrooder that must be kept and spawned only in a dedicated single-species aquarium.

Overview

Genyochromis mento is a haplochromine cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi and is currently the only known member of its genus. It is a specialised lepidophage (scale-eater) that also bites the fins of other fish, reaching about 12.6 cm total length. It occurs throughout the lake in every biotope except open water and is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (assessed 2018). As a Lake Malawi cichlid it is a maternal mouthbrooder, with the female carrying eggs and fry in her mouth.

Sexing

Sexing is difficult. In the wild males reach roughly 13 cm and females stay slightly smaller at around 11 cm, but apart from this difference in maximum length the sexes are not readily distinguished by appearance.

Breeding Setup

Because of its scale- and fin-eating diet and active aggression, this species cannot be safely combined with other fish; a dedicated species aquarium is required, and a large tank is needed. This single-species arrangement is also the practical basis for any breeding attempt, removing the larger tankmates that would otherwise be the target of its feeding behaviour.

Spawning Behavior & Trigger

As a maternal mouthbrooding Lake Malawi cichlid, the female takes the eggs into her mouth after spawning and broods them there. Detailed published spawning observations specific to G. mento are scarce, so the reproductive pattern here is described at the genus and family level for Lake Malawi mouthbrooders rather than from a species-specific spawning account.

Egg & Fry Care

Following the maternal mouthbrooding pattern shared across Lake Malawi cichlids, the female incubates the brood orally before releasing free-swimming fry; precise brood size and incubation length for this species are not documented in the consulted sources and are therefore not stated.