Aquarium Care Guides
2881 articles- Blue Discus Breeding GuideHow to breed the blue/brown discus Symphysodon aequifasciatus, a biparental substrate-spawner whose fry feed on a skin secretion known as di
- Biotodoma wavrini Breeding GuideBreeding notes for the Orinoco eartheater Biotodoma wavrini, a presumed biparental substrate-spawner that may rarely have been bred in aquar
- Biotodoma cupido Breeding GuideHow to breed the greenstreak eartheater Biotodoma cupido, a biparental substrate-spawner whose fry are moved to a pit and guarded by both pa
- Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus Breeding GuideHow to breed the striped eartheater Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus, a biparental substrate-spawner reported as one of the easier members of the ge
- Gymnogeophagus labiatus Breeding GuideHow to breed the thick-lipped eartheater Gymnogeophagus labiatus, a maternal mouthbrooder of the Merín basin whose females carry the brood.
- Gymnogeophagus che Breeding GuideGenus-level breeding notes for the Argentine eartheater Gymnogeophagus che, for which species-specific spawning data is not documented in av
- Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura Breeding GuideBreeding notes for the Uruguayan eartheater Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura, which its scientific description identifies as a biparental open su
- Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys Breeding GuideBreeding notes for the wide-ranging eartheater Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys, a mouthbrooder whose males develop nuchal humps and breeding colou
- Gymnogeophagus balzanii Breeding GuideHow to breed the Paraguay eartheater Gymnogeophagus balzanii, a delayed maternal mouthbrooder whose dominant males develop a large nuchal hu
- Satanoperca mapiritensis Breeding GuideBreeding notes for the lower-Orinoco eartheater Satanoperca mapiritensis, whose aquarium reproduction is unconfirmed and clouded by taxonomi
- Satanoperca lilith Breeding GuideBreeding notes for the Amazonian eartheater Satanoperca lilith, whose reproduction is assumed to follow its close relative S. daemon as a bi
- Satanoperca daemon Breeding GuideHow to breed the rarely-spawned blackwater eartheater Satanoperca daemon, a biparental substrate-spawner that buries its eggs in sand.
- Satanoperca acuticeps Breeding GuideBreeding Satanoperca acuticeps, a central Amazon demonfish that is a biparental substrate-spawner, not a mouthbrooder, and very rarely bred.
- Satanoperca leucosticta Breeding GuideBreeding Satanoperca leucosticta, a Guianan demonfish that is a larvophilous maternal mouthbrooder, with some forms reported as ovophilous.
- Satanoperca jurupari Breeding GuideBreeding Satanoperca jurupari, the jurupari eartheater, an ovophilous maternal mouthbrooder in which the female collects fertilised eggs in
- Geophagus iporangensis Breeding GuideBreeding 'Geophagus' iporangensis, a hardy Brazilian eartheater that is a biparental substrate spawner rather than a mouthbrooder.
- Geophagus steindachneri Breeding GuideBreeding Geophagus steindachneri, the red-hump eartheater, an immediate maternal mouthbrooder where one polygamous male spawns with several
- Geophagus crassilabris Breeding GuideBreeding Geophagus crassilabris, a Panamanian eartheater that is an ovophilous maternal mouthbrooder forming only weak, temporary pair bonds
- Geophagus proximus Breeding GuideBreeding Geophagus proximus, a hardy Amazon eartheater that is an ovophilous biparental mouthbrooder with broods of around 200 eggs.
- Geophagus parnaibae Breeding GuideBreeding Geophagus parnaibae, a Rio Parnaiba eartheater that is an ovophilous biparental mouthbrooder bred on numerous occasions in aquaria.
- Geophagus dicrozoster Breeding GuideBreeding Geophagus dicrozoster, an Orinoco eartheater that is a larvophilous biparental mouthbrooder, picking up larvae after the eggs hatch
- Geophagus argyrostictus Breeding GuideBreeding Geophagus argyrostictus, a Xingu eartheater that is a substrate-spawner rather than a mouthbrooder, with eggs hatching in about thr
- Geophagus abalios Breeding GuideBreeding Geophagus abalios, an Orinoco eartheater that is an ovophilous biparental mouthbrooder taking eggs into the mouth at spawning.
- Geophagus surinamensis Breeding GuideHow to breed Geophagus surinamensis, a Surinam eartheater that broods larvae in the mouth after spawning on a flat surface.
- Geophagus brasiliensis Breeding GuideHow to breed Geophagus brasiliensis, the pearl eartheater; a hardy open substrate spawner that lays on a cleaned rock and guards eggs and fr
- Geophagus winemilleri Breeding GuideHow to breed Geophagus winemilleri, a Rio Negro eartheater; a substrate-spawning, larvophilous biparental mouthbrooder that takes hatched la
- Geophagus altifrons Breeding GuideHow to breed Geophagus altifrons, an Amazon eartheater; a substrate-spawning, ovophilous biparental mouthbrooder that lays on a flat surface
- Crenicichla menezesi Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla menezesi, a pike cichlid endemic to northeastern Brazilian rivers; a cave spawner with little documented captive br
- Crenicichla johanna Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla johanna, a large widespread Amazon pike cichlid; an aggressive predator that has not been bred in the hobby.
- Crenicichla lenticulata Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla lenticulata, a large stocky Rio Negro pike cichlid; a highly predatory cave spawner rarely bred in captivity.
- Crenicichla cincta Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla cincta, a large central Amazon pike cichlid; a predatory cave spawner that is rarely bred in home aquaria.
- Crenicichla saxatilis Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla saxatilis, a medium predatory pike of northern South America; a cave spawner whose detailed breeding data remains s
- Crenicichla lugubris Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla lugubris, a large Amazon pike cichlid; a cave spawner with excellent parental care but very few captive breeding re
- Crenicichla notophthalmus Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla notophthalmus, a true dwarf pike from the Amazon; a cave spawner that is rarely traded and difficult to pair.
- Crenicichla compressiceps Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla compressiceps, a dwarf pike from the Rio Tocantins that spawns in wood crevices and benefits from target fish to ce
- Crenicichla regani Breeding GuideHow to breed Crenicichla regani, a dwarf pike cichlid that spawns on the ceiling of a cave in very soft, acidic water with biparental brood
- Laetacara araguaiae Breeding GuideBreeding the buckhead cichlid Laetacara araguaiae: a peaceful biparental substrate spawner from Brazilian Amazon tributaries.
- Laetacara dorsigera Breeding GuideBreeding the red-breasted flag cichlid Laetacara dorsigera: a peaceful biparental substrate spawner whose breeders show red cheeks and belly
- Laetacara curviceps Breeding GuideBreeding the dwarf flag cichlid Laetacara curviceps: a peaceful biparental substrate spawner suited to soft community planted tanks.
- Nannacara aureocephalus Breeding GuideBreeding the golden-headed acara Nannacara aureocephalus: a cave-spawning dwarf cichlid with female-dominated brood care in soft, acidic wat
- Nannacara anomala Breeding GuideBreeding the golden dwarf cichlid Nannacara anomala: an easy, female-led brood carer in which the brooding female shows a dramatic checkerbo
- Dicrossus gladicauda Breeding GuideBreeding the sword-tail checkerboard cichlid Dicrossus gladicauda, a Colombian blackwater dwarf cichlid bred following genus biology in very
- Dicrossus maculatus Breeding GuideBreeding the spade-tail checkerboard cichlid Dicrossus maculatus: a substrate spawner needing near-distilled, strongly acidic water for eggs
- Apistogramma wapisana Breeding GuideBreeding Apistogramma wapisana, a small Brazilian leaf-litter dwarf cichlid bred as a cave spawner in soft, slightly acidic water per genus
- Apistogramma rubrolineata Breeding GuideBreeding Apistogramma rubrolineata, a Bolivian blackwater dwarf cichlid bred as a cave spawner in very soft, acidic water per genus biology.
- Apistogramma rositae Breeding GuideBreeding Apistogramma rositae, a Peruvian forest-stream dwarf cichlid bred as a cave spawner in soft, acidic water following genus biology.
- Apistogramma pulchra Breeding GuideHow to breed Apistogramma pulchra: a soft-water cave-spawning dwarf cichlid whose eggs are tended by the female parent.
- Apistogramma caetei Breeding GuideBreeding Apistogramma caetei: cave spawning, up to 200 eggs on the cave ceiling tended by the female, harem spawner from the Caete river.
- Apistogramma iniridae Breeding GuideBreeding Apistogramma iniridae: harem cave spawning, female deposits 80-120 eggs on the cave ceiling, soft acidic Inirida blackwater.
- Apistogramma urteagai Breeding GuideBreeding Apistogramma urteagai: cave spawning, female-tended eggs and larvae, soft acidic water from small Peruvian streams and swamps.