Assassin Snail care guide
Assassin Snail (Anentome helena) — minimum tank 20 L, temperature 22-28 °C, pH 7-8.
Compiled by Aquairi from published sources · Published · Updated
Overview
The Assassin Snail (Anentome helena) is a small predatory freshwater snail from Southeast Asia. The conical shell is patterned with bright yellow and dark brown spiral bands. The species is commonly used in planted tanks to control populations of pest snails.
Taxonomy
- Family: Nassariidae
- Genus: Anentome
- Scientific name: Anentome helena
- Common synonyms: Helena Snail, Bumblebee Snail
Habitat
Native to rivers, canals and rice paddies of Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and parts of Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula. The species prefers a soft sandy substrate where it can burrow to ambush prey.
Tank requirements
- Minimum tank volume: 20 L (5.3 US gal)
- Adult size: 1-3 cm
- Temperature: 22-28 °C (72-82 °F)
- pH: 7-8
- GH: 8-18 °dGH
- KH: 4-12 °dKH
- Lifespan: 2-3 years
Diet
A carnivore. Anentome helena hunts and consumes other freshwater snails (Physa, Melanoides, smaller ramshorns) and scavenges meaty foods such as bloodworms and sinking carnivore pellets. It does not eat aquarium plants.
Compatibility
Peaceful toward fish and adult shrimp but will eat other snails and may take freshly hatched shrimplets. Suitable for community tanks where pest snail control is desired. Avoid keeping with prized ornamental snails (Mystery Snail, Nerite, Tylomelania).
Breeding
Sexual reproduction: females lay single eggs in transparent rectangular capsules attached to hardscape. Hatching takes weeks; juveniles spend the early phase buried in substrate. Reproduction is slow and rarely overruns a tank.
Breeding the Assassin Snail (Anentome helena)
Overview
Anentome helena, the assassin snail, is a predatory freshwater snail from Southeast Asia in the family Nassariidae. Unlike most aquarium snails it is gonochoristic, with separate male and female animals that are not hermaphroditic, so it cannot reproduce alone. It is a carnivore that hunts and eats other snails, often burying itself in the substrate to ambush prey, which makes it useful for controlling pest snail populations.
Because it preys on gastropods, it should not be housed with other ornamental snails. It generally ignores adult shrimp but may take shrimplets, fish eggs and newly hatched fry.
Sexing
Both sexes are the same size and shape and cannot be told apart externally; sex determination in the species is not understood. The practical solution is to keep a group of six or more so that at least one male and one female are present.
Conditioning
Mature adults need only good water quality and a steady supply of food to begin reproducing. A standing population of pest snails is the natural diet; where snails are scarce, the species also accepts frozen bloodworms, sinking wafers, pellets and similar protein foods. When a male and female mate they remain locked together for many hours.
- Temperature: 21-27 °C (70-80 °F)
- pH: 7.2-8.0 (alkaline)
- GH: moderate to hard
- Minimum tank volume: roughly 8 L (2 gal) per snail
- Group size: 6+ to ensure both sexes
Breeding Setup
No special setup is required beyond a stable, mature tank with hard surfaces for egg deposition. Provide plenty of food and high water quality and the adults handle the rest. Sand substrate suits their burrowing habit.
Reproduction & Young
The female lays clear, square egg capsules roughly 1.0-1.5 mm wide and high, each holding a single small yellow egg. Capsules are laid one at a time, often on plastic, rock, driftwood or the base of plants, with up to about four per clutch. Eggs darken to brown as they develop and hatch after roughly two months into tiny but fully functional snails.
Common Challenges
Reproduction is slow because eggs are laid singly and take around two months to hatch. Juveniles burrow and may go unnoticed for some time. A dwindling pest-snail supply limits the food base, and the snails should be kept away from prized snails and baby shrimp they would consume.