Reef Stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) Care Guide
Synanceia verrucosa is the reef stonefish, regarded as the most venomous fish in the world, reaching about 40 cm. A camouflaged ambush predator.
Overview
Synanceia verrucosa, the reef stonefish, belongs to the family Synanceiidae. FishBase records a maximum of 40 cm standard length and describes it as the world's most venomous fish. Its irregular skin texture and colour allow it to blend perfectly with encrusted rock and rubble.
Taxonomy
- Family: Synanceiidae
- Genus: Synanceia
- Scientific name: Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Habitat
FishBase reports an Indo-Pacific range from the Red Sea and East Africa to French Polynesia, north to the Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands and south to Queensland. It occurs at depths of about 0 to 30 m, typically on sandy or rubble areas of reef flats and shallow lagoons. Wikipedia notes recent records in the eastern Mediterranean via the Suez Canal.
Tank requirements
- Minimum tank volume: 800 L (211 gal)
- Temperature: 24-26 °C (75-79 °F)
- pH: 8.1-8.4
- GH: 8-12 °dGH
- Lifespan: 8-18 years
Diet
Synanceia verrucosa is a carnivore and ambush predator. FishBase and Wikipedia report it feeds on fishes, shrimp and crustaceans, engulfing prey extremely rapidly while remaining motionless and camouflaged.
Venom and danger to humans
FishBase describes 12-14 stout grooved dorsal spines, each with a large venom sac, that deliver an excruciatingly painful and occasionally fatal sting. Wikipedia reports treatment involves antivenom and hot-water immersion. Because of its camouflage and toxicity, this species is suitable only for public aquariums operating strict safety protocols.
Conservation status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern (assessed 2017).