Pearlscale Goldfish Care Guide
Pearlscale is a round-bodied fancy variety of Carassius auratus with domed, pearl-like scales and a coldwater, sensitive constitution.
Overview
The Pearlscale is a fancy variety of the goldfish (Carassius auratus), a cyprinid native to China and first selectively bred for colour in imperial China more than a thousand years ago. It is recognised by its spherical, egg-shaped body and its thick, domed scales that resemble pearls, giving the breed its name (the Japanese name is Chinshurin). The variety originates from China and Japan.
Taxonomy
- Family: Cyprinidae
- Genus: Carassius
- Scientific name: Carassius auratus var. Pearlscale
- Note: a selectively bred ornamental variety of Carassius auratus, not a separate species
Tank requirements
- Minimum tank volume: 150 L
- Temperature: 10-22 °C (50-72 °F)
- pH: 6.5-8.0
- GH: 5-18 °dGH
- Water flow: low
- Lifespan: 8-12 years
As a coldwater fish, the goldfish can be kept in unheated aquaria; Wikipedia notes an optimal range of about 20-22 °C and warns against exposure below roughly 10 °C or above 30 °C. The Pearlscale is reported to be very sensitive to cold water and should not be exposed to temperatures below about 13 °C (55 °F), and it is also vulnerable to rapid pH changes.
Diet
The goldfish is an omnivorous, opportunistic feeder. In the wild its diet consists of crustaceans, insects and various plant matter. Because of the Pearlscale's compact, rounded body, overfeeding should be avoided.
Compatibility
The variety is peaceful and slow-swimming. Owing to its rounded shape and reduced mobility it is best kept with other fancy goldfish of similar build rather than fast, active tankmates that may outcompete it for food.
Health notes
Selective breeding for an extremely rounded body makes the Pearlscale susceptible to swim-bladder disorders, which affect its ability to maintain a normal position in the water. Extreme conformations can also cause problems with the spine and internal organs, reducing quality of life and longevity. Stable, clean water is therefore important.