Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) Care Guide
Electrophorus electricus is a large South American knifefish capable of high-voltage discharges, suitable only for public-aquarium settings.
Overview
Electrophorus electricus is a knifefish of the family Gymnotidae and the order Gymnotiformes. Despite its common name, it is not closely related to the true eels (Anguilliformes). It is an obligate air-breather, surfacing to take oxygen, and possesses three pairs of electric organs capable of producing high-voltage discharges. Its size and electrical capacity make it suitable only for large public-aquarium installations.
Taxonomy
- Family: Gymnotidae
- Genus: Electrophorus
- Scientific name: Electrophorus electricus
- Describer: Linnaeus, 1766
Habitat
The species occurs in northern South America, associated with the Guiana Shield. It prefers muddy bottoms and calm waters, occurring in coastal plains, swamps, streams, pools and shaded areas, and tolerates low-oxygen conditions through air-breathing.
Tank requirements
- Minimum tank volume: 4000 L (1057 gal)
- Temperature: 22-28 °C (72-82 °F)
- pH: 6.0-7.5
- GH: 4-15 °dGH
- Adult size: 150-250 cm (59-98 in)
- Lifespan: 15-22 years
- Surface access for air-breathing is required
Diet
Electrophorus electricus is a carnivore. Juveniles feed on invertebrates, while adults take fish and small vertebrates. Its FishBase trophic level is about 3.9. Poor vision is compensated by electrolocation when hunting.
Electric organs
The fish carries three pairs of electric organs: the main organ, Hunter's organ and Sachs' organ. Reported maximum discharges reach at least 600 volts, used for electrolocation and to stun prey. Because of this capacity it cannot share a tank with other animals safely.
Compatibility
The species must be kept alone. Its powerful discharges and predatory nature make any tankmate unsuitable.
Breeding
Reproduction occurs in the dry season, when males build nests and females deposit eggs. Prolonged parental care is reported, lasting several months. Breeding in captivity is not practical for private keepers.
Conservation status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern (assessed 12 August 2020).