Ceratophyllum echinatum 'Red Foxtail' Care Guide
Ceratophyllum echinatum is a rootless North American hornwort with fine whorled leaves and spiny fruits; the 'Red Foxtail' form shows a reddish flush.
Overview
Ceratophyllum echinatum is a rootless, free-floating hornwort in the family Ceratophyllaceae. It has finer, more delicate whorled leaves than the common hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum, and the aquarium form 'Red Foxtail' can develop a subtle reddish flush under good light. It is the only species of its genus endemic to North America.
Taxonomy
- Family: Ceratophyllaceae
- Genus: Ceratophyllum
- Scientific name: Ceratophyllum echinatum
- Common synonyms: Spiny hornwort
Habitat
The plant inhabits ponds and lakes, predominantly in eastern North America. It lacks true roots and forms freely branching stems that can reach several metres, with leaves arranged in whorls. The species epithet refers to its spiny, urchin-like fruit, which distinguishes it from related hornworts. In parts of its range it is considered threatened or of special concern.
Aquarium requirements
- Placement: background or floating
- Temperature: 16-26 °C (61-79 °F)
- pH: 6-7.5
- GH: 3-14 °dGH
- Lighting: medium
- CO2: not required
- Maximum height: about 60 cm
Growth and care
Growth is moderate and the plant is rated intermediate, demanding cleaner, more stable water than typical hornwort. Because it has no roots, it is best left floating or loosely anchored rather than planted in substrate. It helps absorb excess nutrients and provides cover for fry and shrimp.
Propagation
Propagation is by cuttings; side shoots and broken stem sections continue to grow independently, as the plant has no central root system.