Aquarium Care Guides
996 articles- Bighead Carp Farming: A Production GuideHow bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) is farmed: zooplankton filter-feeding, role in polyculture with silver carp, pond fertilizatio
- Silver Carp Farming: A Production GuideHow silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is farmed: phytoplankton filter-feeding, role in polyculture, pond fertilization, hatchery ind
- Grass Carp Farming: A Production GuideHow grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is farmed: herbivorous biology, role in Chinese polyculture, hatchery induced spawning, growth, wee
- Emamectin Benzoate in Salmon: Sea Lice Control and ResistanceHow emamectin benzoate, an in-feed avermectin, controls sea lice in farmed salmon, why resistance is widespread, and the integrated pest man
- Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors for Crustacean Fish ParasitesHow benzoylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors such as diflubenzuron treat crustacean fish parasites like anchor worm and fish lice, with sourc
- Anthelmintics for Fish: Deworming Nematodes and FlatwormsHow dewormers such as fenbendazole, levamisole and praziquantel treat nematodes and flatworms in fish, with sourced doses and cautions about
- Winter Ulcer (Moritella viscosa) in Farmed Salmon: A Disease GuideWinter ulcer, caused by Moritella viscosa in cold seawater, produces skin ulcers in farmed salmon, causing mortality, welfare problems, and
- Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) of Salmonids: A Disease GuideProliferative kidney disease, caused by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, severely swells the kidney of young salmonids. It is temperature-driv
- Yellow Head Disease (YHV) in Shrimp: A Disease GuideYellow head virus causes rapid mass mortality in farmed shrimp, with a yellowing swollen cephalothorax. There is no treatment; control relie
- Pangasius (Striped Catfish) Farming: A Production GuideHow pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is farmed: air-breathing biology, intensive Mekong Delta pond culture, induced spawning, fast gr
- Atlantic Salmon Farming: A Production GuideHow Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is farmed: the two-phase freshwater-to-seawater cycle, smolt production, sea-cage grow-out, feed and FCR,
- Rainbow Trout Farming: A Production GuideHow rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is farmed: cold-water requirements, raceway and tank culture, high-protein feed and FCR, hatchery an
- Taura Syndrome (TSV) in Shrimp: A Disease GuideTaura syndrome virus causes high mortality in farmed Penaeus vannamei, progressing through acute, transition, and chronic phases. There is n
- Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis (IHHN) in ShrimpIHHN virus is the smallest known shrimp virus. It causes mass mortality in Penaeus stylirostris and runt deformity syndrome in Penaeus vanna
- Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) Microsporidiosis in ShrimpEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidian of the shrimp hepatopancreas. It rarely kills directly but causes severe growth retard
- Channel Catfish Farming: A Production GuideHow channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is farmed: biology, levee-pond culture, spawning and fingerling supply, feeding and growth, off-fl
- Common Carp Farming: A Production GuideHow common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is farmed: biology and hardiness, pond culture and polyculture, fertilization, induced spawning and seed s
- Nile Tilapia Farming: A Production GuideHow Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is farmed: biology and tolerance, culture systems, monosex culture, temperature and feeding, seed s
- Chloramine-T in Fish: Bacterial Gill Disease Dosing and SafetyChloramine-T is an FDA-approved oxidizing antibacterial for freshwater-reared finfish bacterial gill disease and columnaris, with a label do
- Erythromycin in Fish: Bacterial Kidney Disease and Regulatory StatusErythromycin is a macrolide used against bacterial kidney disease and gram-positive infections in fish, including broodstock injection, but
- Sulfadimethoxine-Ormetoprim (Romet) in Fish: Dosing and WithdrawalSulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim (Romet) is an FDA-approved potentiated sulfonamide given in feed against enteric septicemia of catfish and salmo
- Megalocytivirus (Iridoviral Diseases of Fish): A Disease GuideMegalocytiviruses (family Iridoviridae), including RSIV and ISKNV, cause severe systemic disease with anaemia and enlarged cells in many fis
- Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN): A Disease GuideInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus causes high mortality in salmonid fry and lifelong carriers in survivors. There is no treatment; contro
- Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN): A Disease GuideInfectious hematopoietic necrosis virus causes high mortality in young salmonids. There is no treatment, so control relies on virus-free wat
- Biosecurity in Aquaculture: A GuideHow fish farms prevent the introduction and spread of disease: healthy stock and quarantine, water and disinfection control, vector control,
- Live Fish Transport in Aquaculture: A GuideHow live fish are moved safely: pre-transport feed withdrawal, loading density, controlling oxygen, ammonia, CO2 and temperature in transit,
- Harvesting and Grading in Aquaculture: A GuideHow farmed fish are harvested and graded: harvest methods, pre-harvest feed withdrawal, off-flavor purging, size grading, and minimizing han
- Malachite Green in Fish: History and Why It Is Banned for Food FishMalachite green was an effective antifungal and antiparasitic for fish, but it is a suspected carcinogen whose residues persist, so it is ba
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Stewardship in AquacultureWhy antimicrobial resistance matters in aquaculture, how it spreads under a One Health lens, and the WOAH and FAO prudent-use principles tha
- Florfenicol in Fish: Uses, In-Feed Dosing and WithdrawalFlorfenicol is an FDA-approved amphenicol antibiotic for fish, given in medicated feed against bacterial diseases such as enteric septicemia
- Larviculture and Live Feeds in Aquaculture Hatcheries: A GuideHow hatcheries rear fish larvae: why larvae are fragile, the live feeds used (microalgae, rotifers, Artemia), the green-water technique, HUF
- Induced Spawning in Fish Farming: Hypophysation and Hormonal InductionHow hatcheries make captive fish spawn on demand: why it is needed, hypophysation with pituitary extract, modern GnRH analogue plus dopamine
- Broodstock Management in Aquaculture: A GuideHow hatcheries select and maintain breeding fish: selection criteria, conditioning through nutrition and environmental cues, holding, avoidi
- Streptococcosis in Tilapia and Warmwater Fish: A Disease GuideStreptococcosis, caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae, causes meningoencephalitis and high mortality in tilapia. Vacci
- Francisellosis in Fish: A Disease GuideFrancisellosis, caused by Francisella noatunensis, is a chronic granulomatous disease of fish. Its intracellular nature limits treatment, so
- Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD): A Disease GuideBacterial kidney disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum, is a chronic granulomatous infection of salmonids. Vertical transmission via
- Hydrogen Peroxide in Fish Treatment: FDA Label Dosing and SafetyHow hydrogen peroxide (35% PEROX-AID), an FDA-approved aquaculture drug, treats egg fungus, bacterial gill disease and columnaris, with labe
- Methylene Blue in Fish Treatment: Egg Fungus and Nitrite SupportHow methylene blue is used as an antifungal for fish eggs and as supportive treatment for nitrite poisoning, with sourced concentrations and
- MS-222 (Tricaine) Fish Anesthetic: Dosing, Buffering and SafetyHow MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), the FDA-approved fish anesthetic, is dosed for sedation and anesthesia, why it must be buffered, and
- Whirling Disease (Myxobolus cerebralis): A Disease GuideWhirling disease, caused by the myxozoan Myxobolus cerebralis, damages the cartilage of young salmonids, causing skeletal deformity and whir
- Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS): A Disease GuideEpizootic ulcerative syndrome, caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces invadans, produces deep necrotic ulcers in many freshwater fish. Control r
- Enteric Septicaemia of Catfish (ESC): A Disease GuideEnteric septicaemia of catfish, caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, is a major bacterial disease of farmed channel catfish, managed with medica
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Management: A GuideThe nutrients fish need, how requirements differ by species and life stage, feed types, feed conversion ratio, feeding rates, fishmeal repla
- Aeration and Dissolved Oxygen Management in AquacultureWhy dissolved oxygen is the most critical variable in fish farming, how pond oxygen cycles and crashes, the causes of depletion, and how aer
- Water Quality Management in Aquaculture: A GuideThe key water-quality variables in fish farming and how to manage them: dissolved oxygen, temperature, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH, alkali
- Potassium Permanganate in Fish Treatment: Dosing and SafetyHow potassium permanganate (KMnO4), a strong oxidizer, controls external fish parasites and bacterial gill disease, why its dose follows the
- Praziquantel for Fish: Flukes, Tapeworms, Dosing and SafetyHow praziquantel treats monogenean flukes and tapeworms in fish, its mechanism, immersion and in-feed dosing from Merck and peer-reviewed so
- Copper Sulfate in Fish Treatment: Alkalinity-Based Dosing and SafetyHow copper sulfate (CuSO4) controls external fish parasites and algae, why its safe dose is tied to total alkalinity in fresh water, and the
- Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND / EMS) in ShrimpAHPND (early mortality syndrome) is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying the PirAB toxin. It destroys the shrimp hepatopancreas, causi
- Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN / VER): A Guide for Marine AquacultureViral nervous necrosis (betanodavirus) is a neurotropic disease causing very high mortality in marine fish larvae. There is no treatment; co