Rubra Betta (Betta rubra) Care Guide
Betta rubra is a small Sumatran mouthbrooding betta from disturbed peat-swamp blackwater, requiring soft, acidic conditions and dim, well-decorated aquaria.
Overview
Betta rubra is a small mouthbrooding betta from the family Osphronemidae, described by Perugia in 1893. It is known only from northwestern Sumatra, Indonesia, where displaying males show intense red flanks crossed by dark bars. The species is associated with the aquarium trade but is collected from a restricted, disturbed range.
Taxonomy
- Family: Osphronemidae
- Genus: Betta
- Scientific name: Betta rubra
- Described by: Perugia, 1893
Habitat
The species occurs in a highly disturbed tract of former peat-swamp forest in northwestern Sumatra. These are blackwater environments with very soft, acidic water stained by tannins from decaying leaf litter and submerged wood. Dissolved mineral content is low.
Tank requirements
- Minimum tank volume: 40 L for a pair
- Minimum base dimensions: 45 x 30 cm
- Temperature: 22-26 °C (72-79 °F)
- pH: 4.5-6.5
- GH: 1-6 °dGH
- Lifespan: 3-5 years
A dimly lit aquarium with driftwood, leaf litter, floating plants and shade-tolerant species such as Microsorum, Taxiphyllum and Cryptocoryne suits this fish. Gentle filtration from an air-powered sponge filter is recommended, and the tank should be kept covered.
Diet
Betta rubra is a carnivore that feeds naturally on small invertebrates. In aquaria it accepts small live and frozen foods such as Daphnia, Artemia and bloodworm, and may learn to take dried foods. Small insects are also taken.
Compatibility
This is a peaceful, mid-water species best kept alone as a single pair or with very calm tankmates. Reports on group housing are mixed, and some aggression toward tankmates can occur, though serious damage is uncommon. Boisterous fish and hard water should be avoided.
Breeding
The species is a paternal mouthbrooder. An unusual feature is that the eggs are caught in the anal fin of the female rather than the male during spawning. Incubation lasts roughly 10-17 days, after which free-swimming fry accept microworm and Artemia nauplii.
Conservation status
IUCN Red List: Endangered. The species is restricted to a small, disturbed peat-swamp range in Sumatra.